6/10/2023 0 Comments Convert string to lowercase pythonThe solution above should be quite self-explanatory, except for line 4. Got it? With this background knowledge, we are now ready to write a simple program to convert lowercase letters to uppercase. For instance, chr(97) gives us the character 'a'. This function takes in a code point and returns the character for that code point. To do that, we use another built-in function in Python – chr(). Now the question becomes, how do we convert the code point for the lowercase letter back to a character? This gives us the code point for the lowercase letter. To convert an uppercase letter to lowercase, we simply need to get its Unicode code point (using the ord() function) and add 32 to it. This gives us 97, which is the code point for ‘a’.ĭoes this give you an idea of how we can use Unicode code points to convert an uppercase letter to lowercase? The code point for each individual letter is shown in the image below:Īs you can see, we can get the code point for each lowercase letter by adding 32 to the code point of the corresponding uppercase letter.įor instance, to get the code point for ‘a’, we simply add 32 to the code point for ‘A’. In contrast, the code points for ‘a’ to ‘z’ are the numbers 97 to 122. Straightforward? As you may have concluded from the output above, the code points for ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are the numbers 65 to 90. The best part is, it gives us the code point in decimal, so we do not have to worry about working with hexadecimal numbers. This function gives us the code point for every Unicode character. The first function is the ord() function. While the Unicode standard may be a bit confusing for beginners, the good news is that Python comes with two very useful built-in functions that help us work with the Unicode standard. The code point is given as a hexadecimal number.All characters in every language can be represented by a Unicode code point.Here are two key points you need to know: Summary of Unicode Standardīefore proceeding, let’s do a quick summary of what the Unicode standard is. Now, let’s return to our lowercase conversion problem. What you need to know is simply that the hexadecimal number 0041 is the same as the decimal number 65. We do not really need to use them in this tutorial. If you have problems understanding how hexadecimal works, don’t worry. If you convert 0041 to base-10 (decimal), you’ll get the number 65. The digits are 0 to 9, followed by the letters ‘A’ to ‘F’ (which represent numbers 10 to 15 respectively).Ī number like AB7 stands for A*16 2 + B*16 1 + 7 = 10*16 2 + 11*16 + 7 = 2743. The base 16 system uses 16 digits and letters to represent numbers. In other words, the binary number 1101 becomes 13 when converted to base 10. The base 2 system uses only 2 digits – 0 and 1 – to represent numbers.Ī number like 1101 stands for 1*2 3 + 1*2 2 + 0*2 1 + 1. binary numbers) or base 16 (hexadecimal numbers). When it comes to computers, we do not use base 10. The digit 3 represents the value 300, instead of simply the value 3. Each digit in a number is multiplied by a power of 10 to give us its actual value.įor instance, the number 327 stands for 3*10 2 + 2*10 1 + 7. the digits 0 to 9) to represent our numbers. In everyday life, we represent numbers in base 10. Numbers can be represented in different bases. What is a hexadecimal number?Ī hexadecimal number is a number that is represented in base 16. U+ indicates that this is a Unicode code point while 0041 is a hexadecimal number assigned to ‘A’. As mentioned above, the code point is U+0041. Let’s discuss the code point for the letter ‘A’. For instance, the English letter ‘A’ is represented by the code point U+0041 while the Chinese character 我 is represented by U+6211. This means that even though a Chinese character is very different from an English letter, they can both be represented by a Unicode code point. It does that by assigning a code point to every character and symbol in every language in the world. Unicode is a universal standard for encoding characters and symbols. To do that, we need to first understand the Unicode standard. If we do not want that to happen, we can do the conversion ourselves. If we use the built-in lower() function, all uppercase characters will be converted to lowercase. For instance, we may only want to convert certain letters in a string to lowercase. Using Unicodeīesides using the built-in lower() function to convert a string to lowercase, we can also use Unicode to convert lowercase characters to uppercase.
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